The UNO was formed to maintain international peace and security and to promote cooperation among nations.
To maintain international peace and security, and to promote social progress and better living standards.
The General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice, and Secretariat.
World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT).
Human Rights are basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world, from birth until death.
The United Nations Organization was established with several key aims: to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to achieve international cooperation in solving economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems, and to promote respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.
The principles of the UNO include: sovereign equality of all member states, peaceful settlement of disputes, refraining from threat or use of force against territorial integrity of any state, non-interference in domestic matters of states, and fulfillment of charter obligations in good faith. The organization also emphasizes that all members should give the UN every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the Charter.
The Security Council is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and has primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. It consists of 15 members - 5 permanent members (China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, and United States) and 10 non-permanent members elected for two-year terms.
The Security Council has the power to establish peacekeeping operations, impose sanctions, and authorize military action. Each of the five permanent members has veto power, which means any one of them can block substantive resolutions. The Council investigates disputes that might lead to international friction and recommends methods of adjustment. It plays a crucial role in conflict prevention and resolution worldwide.
The UNO has taken numerous steps to maintain world peace through various mechanisms. It conducts peacekeeping operations in conflict zones where UN troops help implement peace agreements and protect civilians. The organization engages in preventive diplomacy and mediation to resolve disputes before they escalate into armed conflicts.
The UN imposes sanctions and arms embargoes on countries or groups that threaten international peace. It promotes disarmament through treaties like the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The International Court of Justice helps settle legal disputes between states. Additionally, the UN addresses root causes of conflict by promoting sustainable development, human rights, and good governance through its specialized agencies and programs.
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India is an independent statutory body established in 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act. It serves as a watchdog for human rights protection in the country. The Commission consists of a chairperson who is a former Chief Justice of India, and other members including serving or retired judges of Supreme Court/High Courts and persons with knowledge of human rights.
The NHRC's functions include investigating complaints of human rights violations, visiting jails to study living conditions, reviewing constitutional and legal safeguards for human rights, promoting human rights awareness, and recommending appropriate measures to the government. It can inquire into complaints of rights violations by public servants and recommend compensation to victims. The Commission plays a crucial role in protecting and promoting human rights across India.
The UNO has taken comprehensive steps to protect and promote human rights globally. The landmark achievement was the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, which established fundamental human rights for all people. This was followed by two International Covenants - on Civil and Political Rights and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
The UN established the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights to coordinate human rights activities. It has created various human rights treaties and monitoring bodies like the Human Rights Council. The UN conducts investigations into human rights violations, appoints special rapporteurs on specific human rights issues, and integrates human rights into peacekeeping operations. Through its agencies like UNICEF and UN Women, it addresses rights of specific vulnerable groups. The UN also provides technical assistance to countries to strengthen their human rights infrastructure.